Notes on international contract law, standard terms, and compliance. Recent case law, practice notes, and clause analyses.https://inn.law/enhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/commercial-courts-germany/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/commercial-courts-germany/Germany's new Commercial Courts hear major commercial disputes in English. Jurisdiction, advantages, and how to compare them to international arbitration.Fri, 11 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/us-tariffs-incoterms/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/us-tariffs-incoterms/This article shows how to avoid tariffs as a supplier by using the appropriate Incoterms 2020 clause in your supply contracts with U.S. buyers.Sun, 23 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/access-email/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/access-email/Case law on the burden of proof for email, fax, read receipts, and secure delivery methods, plus practical guidance for time-critical declarations.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTProductivityhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/allcaps/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/allcaps/Contract parties often use capitalized clauses in commercial contracts. This makes reading unnecessarily hard. There is a simple solution.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/as-far-as-legally-permissible/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/as-far-as-legally-permissible/A contract clause with the rider "to the extent permitted by law" is invalid. In a forum-selection clause, this becomes a serious problem.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTStandard Termshttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/cancellation-of-purchase-agreement/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/cancellation-of-purchase-agreement/How to withdraw from a purchase contract correctly: requirements, deadlines, place of supplementary performance, and practical recommendations.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/discovery/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/discovery/The discovery process is essential in the United States for preparing litigation. Also in international arbitration?Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/entire-agreement-clause/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/entire-agreement-clause/The German Federal Court of Justice (BGH) ruled on the validity of the clause 'No oral side agreements exist' in standard terms.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTStandard Termshttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/hamburg-guidelines/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/hamburg-guidelines/The Hamburg Guidelines support German courts, experts, and parties in handling foreign law in international disputes — what they say and how to use them.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/incoterms-2020-practical-overview/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/incoterms-2020-practical-overview/The structural and substantive changes in Incoterms 2020 vs. Incoterms 2010, plus practical guidance for choosing the right Incoterms clause.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/incoterms-best-practice/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/incoterms-best-practice/This guidance paper is relevant to users of the Incoterms 2020 rules for shipping goods in containers through ports anywhere in the world.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/ipr-exclusion/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/ipr-exclusion/The usual exclusion of private international law in choice-of-law clauses is superfluous and incorrect. The fix is simple.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/jurisprudence-2021/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/jurisprudence-2021/Notable Federal Court of Justice rulings on Standard Terms from 2021: liability disclaimers, cancellation fees, entire agreement clauses, cartel damages.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTStandard Termshttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/modern-contract-language/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/modern-contract-language/Inaccurate, redundant, or outdated contract language causes problems. Here are some examples and suggested wording.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/no-individual-agreement/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/no-individual-agreement/A pre-formulated clause stating that the parties have supposedly negotiated each term individually is counterproductive, and in many cases legally void.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTStandard Termshttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/no-russia-clause/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/no-russia-clause/Export contracts must include a "no re-export to Russia" clause from 20 March 2024. EU model clause, German contract-law pitfalls, and what to add.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/open-access/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/open-access/A curated, freely accessible collection of literature, case law, and resources on international business law. Continuously updated, suggestions welcome.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/sabotage/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/sabotage/Timeless "lessons" from the Simple Sabotage Field Manual by the US Office of Strategic Services (1944) on sabotaging an organization.Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTProductivityhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/indemnity/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/indemnity/The "indemnity" clause is critical in commercial contracts and often used incorrectly. How to dial it back from the supplier side.Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Lawhttps://inn.law/en/perspectives/protection-trade-secrets/https://inn.law/en/perspectives/protection-trade-secrets/Requirements for confidentiality measures and the burden of pleading and proof in trade-secret cases, with notable rulings on catch-all employment clauses.Tue, 04 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMTInternational Business Law